Universal design approach of mainstream primary schools for the children with physical disabilities (CwPDs) in Bangladesh : a study in Naogaon District, Rajshani Division

Abstract

The objectives of this study are firstly to understand how the parents and the primary schools are handling Children with Physical Disabilities (CwPDs), secondly to identify the challenges faced by the CwPDs particularly during school hours and thirdly the application of Universal Design Guidelines (UDG) suitable to mainstream primary school is also a significant aspect of this study. The study highlighted the need for barrier-free access for the CwPDs. This research is conducted in one of the 64 districts (Naogaon) in Bangladesh. The methodology is based on access audit checklists, case studies, observations and interviews of the CwPDs and their parents. The findings from the 38 case studies which indicate the need for understanding multi-dimensional factors such as lack of awareness among people and authority in providing facilities for the CwPDs. It is evident from the access audit checklist that the provision of accessible features like pathways, main entrances, ramps, corridors, toilets, had not to be made to fulfil the needs of CwPDs. This study also indicates that the compliance towards UDG for accessible design is not being applied in general. Despite having scope for specialized teaching and care services for the CwPDs, the mainstream primary schools fail to draw the attention of the relevant authorities. This study recommends for ensuring adequate support materials coupled with all of the technical assistance. All these can be made consistent with Universal Design Approach (UDA) of mainstream primary school for the CwPDs in any developing country like that of Bangladesh. This holds to both for rural and urban areas for their built environment.