منهج إبن دريد اللغوي في تفسير مفردات القرآن الكريم ومكانته بين المفسرين اللغويين : دراسة تحليلية في جمهرة اللغة والإشتقاق

Abstract

This study deals with the method employed by Ibn Duraid in analysing Quranic vocabulary in his lexicon Jamharathul Lugha and al-Ishtiqaaq, a book on the etymological origin of Arab names beginning with Muhammad (Sal). Abu Bakr Muhammad b Duraid (d 321 H) a pioneer of the Basra School of Language and Grammar has cited more than six hundred Quranic verses to clarify the meaning of words included in his two books. However, his interest in Quranic vocabulary is not limited to citation but delves into their Morphological, Syntactic and Etymological structures, the variations in Quranic recitation, causes for revelation of certain verses as the cause and effect relationship governs their meaning and context. Ibn Duraid’s attention is also drawn towards the Arabic dialects, Arabicised words, quotations of al-Hadith, Arabic poetry and proverbs. The above components are clearly distinguished in Tafsir by linguistic Hermeneutics like al-Farra, Abu Ubaida, al-Zajjaj, al-Raghib al-Asfahani and al-Zamakhshari. Biographers state that compilations by Ibn Duraid on the remarkable language of the Quran have been lost to time. The Researcher endeavours to prove in this study that the existence of these components in Jamharathul Lugha and al-Ishtiqaaq transforms them into valuable references in the field of hermeneutic linguistics in addition to their lexical value. This aspect has never been previously assessed or analysed. Some important conclusions reached by comparing Ibn Duraid’s methodology to that employed by these hermeneutics are the existence of similiarities between them: in explaining Quranic vocabulary using synonyms, short and detailed explanations, indicating the similiarity in meaning or differences if a word is repeated in more than one Ayat. Grammatical, Morphological and Etymological structures like; ism al-fa’il, ism al-maf’ul, masculine and feminine tenses, the infinitive and plural, morphological measures and al-ishtiqaaq al-kabir was saghir have been dealt with. They also cited al-Hadith, Arabic poetry and proverbs in order to enhance clarity in the meaning of words. The Researcher has presented many examples from Jamharathul Lugha and al-Ishtiqaaq in order to establish the credibility of the hypothesis.