نزار قباني في منظور الأدب الفرنسي :دارسة تحليلية مقارنة

Abstract

This study examines the literary works of Nizar al-Qabani in light of French literature. French critics dub the literary products of Nizar as modern because of the criticism he launches on Arabic traditional literature. They also think that Nizar’s endeavors are genuine attempts to look at the Arab societies from within. Therefore, and for these French critics, Nizar is a critic and reformist of Arabic poetry. In fact, from within, the works of Nizar are looked at by some critics, sometimes as revolutionary revealing intellectual depth and maturity. For them, this maturity stems from his critique of the political status quo in the Arab world, and of politicians, leaders and the monarchies in particular. Some other critics, however, look at his works as a bedrock of sexual permissiveness and laxity that render women immoral and deprived them of any sort of virtue. This study uses analytical as well as comparative approach aimed to analyze and compare the works of Nizar in view of both Arabic and French literatures. Finally, the study concludes the following: first, all of poems produced by Nizar that have been translated into French, revolve around three themes: romance, radical reform, and freedom; second, many literary excerpts and quotations that are attributed to him are found to be false. Third, his poems that pertain to love and romance were a cry-out, not for sexual permissiveness as many think, but rather for liberation of women from the grip of masculine society that perceives them as objects of sexual pleasure. Contrary to this authoritative masculine perception, Nizar claims that women, just like men, have the right to express their feelings and are entitled to represent themselves without the guardianship of anyone whosoever. Fourth, having worked as a diplomatic personnel overseas was a key factor that introduced him to both Eastern and Western cultures and civilizations. This allowed him to closely experience and compare between those culture and his own Arabic cultures. Thus, Nizar discovers that there are social dysfunctions in his own Arab world that need to be highlighted and announced by way of criticism. In conclusion, the study urges more studies on Nizar and his poem in light of French literature. It also encourages more investigation on the reform and revolutionary tone found in his writings.