Redefining endogenous Bugis Limas houses in contemporary Johor

Abstract

This study views endogenous architecture as the intrinsic and intricate values of culture and tradition derived from the physical appearance of a particular traditional dwelling. There have been immense effort and appreciation given to preserve the endogenous principles of heritage dwellings. However, unfavourable perceptions towards the effort occur due to lack of awareness of the existence of the invaluable elements. If such attitude persists, the endogenous elements will eventually be forgotten, and their viability to be integrated into modern architecture can never be explored or understood. This study hypothesises that the endogenous elements possess the formulae to redefine and enhance the genuine meanings of a Malaysian architectural identity through holistic perception of both implicit and explicit principles of architectural design and implementation. Thus, this study is aimed at contemplating and highlighting the implicit orders of endogenous elements which exist in the traditional Bugis Limas houses in Johor. The architecture of the particular dwellings is predominantly influenced by Bugis ethnic community which originated from Sulawesi due to migration. Data collection in this study involved a case study and interviews with relevant authorities and individuals. Case study models were documented in Kukup, Benut and Pekan Nenas, as they have demonstrated evidence of the preservation of endogenous principles throughout the ages. Based on the evidence, the attributes of the most influential endogenous elements that portray the archetypical identities of a traditional house were analysed. This study revealed that cultural, religious and behavioural aspects are common endogenous denominators of residential architecture. However, religious aspect has been identified as the most dominant factor. Since the Bugis are known as devoted Muslims, the religious aspect of their dwellings is directly linked to Islam. The aspect is still hitherto preserved because of its viability and practicality which are in line with the current social coherence in Johor. The analysis of the findings proved that the implicit aspects may serve as a fundamental guide in the construction industry with regard to policy making, design strategies and consciousness of traditional Malay endogenous manifestation in the built environment. The endogenous principles should be sustained for present and future generations to reconnect with the cultural identity of their ancestors. In addition, both functional and intrinsic elements of endogenous traditional architecture may be adopted to portray archetypical characteristics or identity of any Malaysian buildings.