Islamic aesthetic framework in buildings :a study of Madina Fez, Morocco

Abstract

The meaning of Islamic Architecture has been subject to debate since many years. Therefore, this research attempts to give responses to mainly four questions. The first question concerns the existence of standards of aesthetics and aesthetics perception and evaluation. The second question considers the meaning of Islamic aesthetic in buildings. While the third question investigates the aesthetic components in Muslim buildings, and the fourth question is about the definition of the design elements that affect visual comfort in Muslim buildings. These questions were answered theory and case study researches. The theoretical research aims firstly to define the tools used to evaluate aesthetic perception and aesthetic judgment. Secondly, it aims to extract the principles and ethics of Islamic aesthetic innovation throughout a study of Qur´an and the tradition of the prophet Muhammad, peace and blessing be upon him. On the other hand, the case study research deals with aesthetic innovation practices through a descriptive and analytical study of significant Muslim historical masterpieces. In addition, for a much-detailed analysis the traditional city of Fez is chosen as case study. The research method adopted includes a building evaluation, an in-depth interview and a perception survey. The aim is mainly to define the design constants and variables. The research findings helped to draw a framework for Islamic innovation in buildings, which includes eight elements: four constants and four variables. The constants concern tawhid, the divine order, functionality and the alchemy of materials, while the four variables include wisdom and professional knowledge, habits, techniques, and forms. Thus any attempt of innovation regarding building in Muslim context must take onto consideration the above constants and variables.