Form, function & meaning of windows :an analytical study of Islamic monuments of Isfahan (17th to 19th centuries)

Abstract

This study seeks to investigate and clarify the Iranian Islamic Windows from 17th to 19th centuries of I~fahiin, through a descriptive study of historical developments of windows in traditional buildings. Although, there are some academic studies about modem windows and their relation to climatic perspective, there are no written and classified documents on Iranian traditional windows. It focuses on form, function and meaning of those windows and their decoration, placements and colour. To achieve the research objectives, it carried out systematic library research and field works, visiting Haqiqi, Borujerdi-ha and Mashruteh house besides Sheikh Lutfulliih Mosques and Ali Qoli Agha Public bath in the state of I~fahiin, and technical observation done by photography. In addition, preparation of line drawing of window`s classification and analytical study according to their forms, patterns, materials and colours constitute a stage of visual research methodology. It is found that there are 15 types of windows in Iranian buildings falling under three categories: the full/semi wall windows, the wall orifice windows and the ceiling windows. The central thrust of the study is that the Iranian Islamic windows can indeed be defined as an important and sacred element of building with their holy and undeniable association and relation with light. Iranian windows were not only used as ventilation and decorative constructions, they had been used as spiritual element too. Since the main function of the windows remains all through the history, to use these windows in the modem era, there is a need to redefine their placement and decorations.