Performance of the green house gasses (GHG) emissions for state of Melaka

Abstract

Thriving the balance between development activities and its environment consequences measured in carbon emission need to be the State’s concern as an actor at sub-national level. This is to execute the National target voluntary reduction on carbon emission which require proper assessment method which comply to global standard. The research aims to analyses and structured -sectoral & scope- carbon emission in terms of the greenhouse gas, GHG emission performance as manifested in the vision of Melaka Green Technology city state by 2020 and identify its planning implication. The Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions, GPC assessment framework deploy to analyse its sectoral and scope performance. Based on the computation BASIC+ software, the data from an output of GHGs emission translated into carbon emission equivalence. It was found that major sources of GHG emissions are stationary energy (52.95%), transportation (27.04%), waste (18.52%), agriculture, forestry & other land use (AFOLU) (1.49%). Based on internal grid emissions within the city limit, GHG emissions from sources within the city border, or Scope 1, dominate at 6,133,735.19 tCO2e, compared to scope 2, 2,777,438.73 tCO2e. In addition, carbon emission intensity is computed by dividing the total quantity of carbon emissions by the population of Melaka. Each person's contribution to the state's increasing GHG emissions is reflected in the increase in emissions per capita from 6.19 tCO2e (2013) to 6.88 tCO2e (2017). According to the findings, Melaka's intensive green technology initiative is insufficient to reduce the city's overall carbon emissions intensity. While fragmented urban expansion relies heavily on stationary energy and single-car transportation, reforming urban development in tandem with a climate plan is required to reduce per capita emissions. According to the study's suggestions for land use and urban evolution, encourage increased density, mixed-use, green, and compact developments. Because additional green space helps to store carbon, particularly in mixed and urban development, careful planning is essential to catalyse green space within the Melaka city centre and its heritage treasures under the jurisdiction of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Flexible land use policies that enhance climate resilience, adaptation, and mitigation are urged to help Melaka achieve a compact polycentric urban reconfiguration.